below you will find all the information you need for the research.Also, I am international student , so can you use easy words.Thank youResearch Topics
This is the last of three essays you were required to write for this class, so… let’s make it
count!
Your research project is worth 25% of your final grade. As a reflection of that, it is also
the longest paper you will be required to write: 5-8 pages. Apart from the usual sections of an
essay, which we’ve discussed in the previous two occasions, I would like to call your attention to
two features we’ve never talked about before: The Argument and The Counterargument.
An Argument consists of a series of statements you use to persuade someone of
something (aka your thesis). It is the art of presenting reasons that lead to a conclusion. A
Counterargument is the position opposite to your argument. For example, if your argument is
that coffee is god for you (this is what you are trying to prove through your research), your
counterargument would be that it isn’t good for you. Seems simple, right? Well, not so
much. Let’s look at the Argument first:
When you are crafting an argument you have to always keep in mind what you are trying
to prove (that pesky thesis made its way to this prompt again…) and how you are going to prove
it. Your Argument needs to be persuasive. The best way to achieve this is to use a combination
of Rhetorical Devices: Examples, Compare-Contrast, Cause and Effect, Classifying and
Dividing, Defining, Describing, Explaining a Process, and Narrating (please note that Summary
is not included here, as it is not a rhetorical device; Summary doesn’t help prove your point, it
only serves as a tool to explain context to your reader). To prove your argument, you need to be
through and convincing. Using a combination of rhetorical devices (or all of them, if you need
to), will help make prove your point. For Example, if you are going to argue that coffee is good
for you, a good place to start might be with a short explanation of what coffee does to the body
when ingested and why this is a good thing. You will also need to explain what caffeine is
(definition) because this is the active ingredient in coffee. You could follow with some cause and
effect facts followed by few examples of how coffee (or caffeine) help people in specific way
(some studies have found it helps prevent cancer, for example). You can even add a bit of
personal narration (your own experience with coffee, maybe). The point is, you need to find a
way to use as many rhetorical devices as necessary to prove your argument.
Next, you need to look at the “weak” spots of your argument. From these weak spots,
your counterarguments will be born. Basically, when building your arguments, try to anticipate
every objection someone might raise. For example, if coffee is good for you, why does it prevent
you from sleeping at night? Why are some people “jittery” after drinking coffee? Once you find
that weak spot, find some supporting evidence and explain your counterargument. Once you’ve
done this, it’s time for The Refutation, or as some people refer to it, “The Turn Back.” This is
basically the part of the essay where you explain why the counterargument is not valid and why
you are right. I order to do this you need to return to your argument.
You may refute a counterargument in several ways:
1. By showing it is mistaken
2. You may acknowledge the validity or plausibility of the counterargument but suggest why it is
less important or less likely than the argument, and invalidate it.
3. Concede its force and restate your thesis in a more exact or qualified way that takes this
objection into account. Be careful, though. This technique works if the counterargument
concerns only one aspect of your argument; if it undermines your whole case, you will need a
new thesis.
Your Counterargument can appear anywhere on the essay (and it will come up several times),
but it usually appears in the introduction (before you propose your thesis, if the motive of your
essay is the existence of a different view), in a paragraph after your introduction, in which you
explain the expected reaction or standard position before turning away to develop your own;
and/or in a section before the conclusion of the essay, in which you imagine someone might
object to your argument. Be careful where you place your counterargument when you are
organizing your essay, too many switches from argument to counterargument will end up
obscuring your idea or suggesting you are ambivalent on the matter.
As you write this paper, please remember: clarity is your friend. Explain everything to the
best of your ability, use as many examples as you need, and don’t assume that your reader knows
what you are talking about. This is a research paper, which means that you are the expert on your
topic.
Research Essay Topics:
1. Memory manipulation, memory implants and telepathy are at the core of the
conflict in Phillip K. Dick’s short story, “We can Remember It For You
Wholesale.” After taking an in-depth look at the existing technology and fields of
research on this matter, do you think it would be possible to achieve the kind of
technology Dick describes in the short story within our lifetime? What would be
the consequences if we did? Could this kind of technology be used in a more
benevolent way than in the short story?
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